Kirat

Kirat (also called Kiratism or Kirat Mundhum) is the traditional religion of the Kirati peoples of eastern Nepal. The Rai, Limbu, Yakkha, and Sunuwar are among the groups most closely linked to it. Kirat is not one single set of rules. Each Kirati group keeps its own version of the oral teachings, rituals, and priest roles. But they share a focus on nature, ancestors, and community identity. Nepal's national census first counted Kirat as its own category in 1991. This page will grow over time to show how different Kirati communities practice Kirat, instead of treating one group as if it speaks for all.

Kirat beliefs center on respect for nature — the sun, moon, wind, and natural landmarks — as well as ancestor worship and respect for household and village spirits. Different Kirati communities describe their gods in different ways. Rai tradition honors Sumnima and Paruhang. Limbu tradition honors Tagera Ningwaphumang. There are other figures too, in other communities. Because beliefs differ between the Rai, Limbu, Yakkha, Sunuwar, and other Kirati groups, this page does not treat any one group's beliefs as speaking for Kirat as a whole.

Kirat teachings are passed down by voice, not through one written book. This body of oral teaching is usually called the Mundhum. Different Kirati languages have related names for it, such as Mundum, Muddum, or Peylan. Priests and shamans recite the Mundhum during rituals. Their title changes by community — Nakchhong among the Rai, and Phedangba or Samba among the Limbu, for example. These rituals mark birth, marriage, death, and the farming calendar. Because each Kirati group keeps its own version of this oral teaching, this page does not blend them into one story. We will introduce each community's practices on its own, once we have checked facts to add.

• Mundhum — used in place of "sacredText"
• Shaman/Priest — used in place of "figure"